Last Updated on January 19, 2023
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How To Write A Pseudocode
Pseudo code is a term which is often used in programming and algorithm based fields. It is a methodology that allows the programmer to represent the implementation of an algorithm. Simply, we can say that it’s the cooked up representation of an algorithm. Often at times, algorithms are represented with the help of pseudo codes as they can be interpreted by programmers no matter what their programming background or knowledge is. Pseudo code, as the name suggests, is a false code or a representation of code which can be understood by even a layman with some school level programming knowledge.
Algorithm: It’s an organized logical sequence of the actions or the approach towards a particular problem. A programmer implements an algorithm to solve a problem. Algorithms are expressed using natural verbal but somewhat technical annotations.
Pseudo code: It’s simply an implementation of an algorithm in the form of annotations and informative text written in plain English. It has no syntax like any of the programming language and thus can’t be compiled or interpreted by the computer.
Advantages of Pseudocode
- Improves the readability of any approach. It’s one of the best approaches to start implementation of an algorithm.
- Acts as a bridge between the program and the algorithm or flowchart. Also works as a rough documentation, so the program of one developer can be understood easily when a pseudo code is written out. In industries, the approach of documentation is essential. And that’s where a pseudo-code proves vital.
- The main goal of a pseudo code is to explain what exactly each line of a program should do, hence making the code construction phase easier for the programmer.
How to write a Pseudo-code?
- Arrange the sequence of tasks and write the pseudocode accordingly.
- Start with the statement of a pseudo code which establishes the main goal or the aim.Example:This program will allow the user to check the number whether it’s even or odd.
- The way the if-else, for, while loops are indented in a program, indent the statements likewise, as it helps to comprehend the decision control and execution mechanism. They also improve the readability to a great extent.Example: if “1” print response “I am case 1” if “2” print response “I am case 2”
- Use appropriate naming conventions. The human tendency follows the approach to follow what we see. If a programmer goes through a pseudo code, his approach will be the same as per it, so the naming must be simple and distinct.
- Use appropriate sentence casings, such as CamelCase for methods, upper case for constants and lower case for variables.
- Elaborate everything which is going to happen in the actual code. Don’t make the pseudo code abstract.
- Use standard programming structures such as ‘if-then’, ‘for’, ‘while’, ‘cases’ the way we use it in programming.
- Check whether all the sections of a pseudo code is complete, finite and clear to understand and comprehend.
- Don’t write the pseudo code in a complete programmatic manner. It is necessary to be simple to understand even for a layman or client, hence don’t incorporate too many technical terms.
Example:
Let’s have a look at this code
- Java
// This program calculates the Lowest Common multiple// for excessively long input values import java.util.*; public class LowestCommonMultiple { private static long lcmNaive(long numberOne, long numberTwo) { long lowestCommonMultiple; lowestCommonMultiple = (numberOne * numberTwo) / greatestCommonDivisor(numberOne, numberTwo); return lowestCommonMultiple; } private static long greatestCommonDivisor(long numberOne, long numberTwo) { if (numberTwo == 0) return numberOne; return greatestCommonDivisor(numberTwo, numberOne % numberTwo); } public static void main(String args[]) { Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter the inputs"); long numberOne = scanner.nextInt(); long numberTwo = scanner.nextInt(); System.out.println(lcmNaive(numberOne, numberTwo)); }} |
And here’s the Pseudo Code for the same.
This program calculates the Lowest Common multiple for excessively long input values function lcmNaive(Argument one, Argument two){ Calculate the lowest common variable of Argument 1 and Argument 2 by dividing their product by their Greatest common divisor product return lowest common multipleend}function greatestCommonDivisor(Argument one, Argument two){ if Argument two is equal to zero then return Argument one return the greatest common divisor end} {In the main function print prompt "Input two numbers" Take the first number from the user Take the second number from the user Send the first number and second number to the lcmNaive function and print the result to the user } |
pseudocode examples for beginners
What is Pseudocode
Pseudocode is a compact and informal high-level description of a program using the conventions of a programming language, but intended more for humans.
Pseudocode is not an actual programming language. So it cannot be compiled into an executable program. It uses short terms or simple English language syntaxes to write code for programs before it is actually converted into a specific programming language.
And there is no pseudocode standard syntax and so at times it becomes slightly confusing when writing Pseudocode and so let us understand pseudo code with an example.
- INPUT – indicates a user will be inputting something
- OUTPUT – indicates that an output will appear on the screen
- WHILE – a loop (iteration that has a condition at the beginning)
- FOR – a counting loop (iteration)
- REPEAT – UNTIL – a loop (iteration) that has a condition at the end
- IF – THEN – ELSE – a decision (selection) in which a choice is made
- any instructions that occur inside a selection or iteration are usually indented
Some Keywords That Should be Used
For looping and selection, The keywords that are to be used include Do While…EndDo; Do Until…Enddo; Case…EndCase; If…Endif; Call … with (parameters); Call; Return ….; Return; When; Always use scope terminators for loops and iteration.As verbs, use the words Generate, Compute, Process, etc. Words such as set, reset, increment, compute, calculate, add, sum, multiply, … print, display, input, output, edit, test , etc. with careful indentation tend to foster desirable pseudocode.
Do not include data declarations in your pseudocode.
Pseudocode Examples ( Algorithms Examples in Pseudocode )
There are 18 pseudocode tutorial in this post. The Pseudocode examples go from beginner to advanced. You will find a lot of for loop, if else and basics examples. Pseudocode and flowchart examples are in following the post.
Pseudocode Example 1: Add Two Numbers.(Simple Pseudocode Example)INI
| 1234567891011 | BEGINNUMBER s1, s2, sumOUTPUT(“Input number1:”)INPUT s1OUTPUT(“Input number2:”) INPUT s2sum=s1+s2OUTPUT sumEND |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 2: Calculate Area and Perimeter of Rectangle (Simple Pseudocode Example)INI
| 1234567891011 | BEGINNUMBER b1,b2,area,perimeterINPUT b1UNPUT b2area=b1*b2perimeter=2*(b1+b2)OUTPUT alanOUTPUT perimeterEND |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 3: Find Area and Perimeter of a Square (Simple Pseudocode Example)INI
| 12345678910 | BEGINNUMBER len, area,perimeterINPUT lenarea = len*lenperimeter = len*4OUTPUT areaOUTPUT perimeterEND |
Pseudocode Example 4: Find Area Of Circle using Radius (Simple Pseudocode Example)INI
| 12345678 | BEGINNUMBER r, area INPUT r area=3.14*r*r OUTPUT area END |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 5: Find Perimeter Of Circle using Radius (Simple Pseudocode Example)INI
| 12345678 | BEGINNUMBER r, perimeter INPUT r perimeter=2*3.14*rOUTPUT perimeterEND |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 6: Calculate sales taxes (Simple Pseudocode Example)INI
| 1234567891011121314151617 | BEGINNUMBER price, tax, taxRate, total OUTPUT “Enter Product Price”INPUT priceOUTPUT “Enter tax rate amoung 1 and 100” OKU taxRate tax= price* taxRate/100total= price + tax OUTPUT “Product tax=”+taxOUTPUT “Product total price =”+total END |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 7: Solve Quadratic Equation
(Pseudocode If Else Example)INI
| 12345678910111213141516171819 | BEGINNUMBER a, b, c, d, x1, x2INPUT a,b,cd = b^2-4acIF (d >= 0) THEN x1 = (-b+√d)/2a yada x1 = (-b+d^(1/2)/2a x2 = (-b-√d)/2a yada x2 = (-b-d^(1/2)/2a OUTPUT “ROOT 1:”+x1 OUTPUT “ROOT 2:”+x2 ELSE IF (d == 0) THEN x1=x2= -b/2a OUTPUT “ROOT 1:”+x1 OUTPUT “ROOT 2:”+x2ELSE OUTPUT “There is no real root”ENDIF END |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 8: issue for driver licence (Pseudocode If Else Example)
| 123456789101112131415 | BEGINNUMBER age INPUT “Enter your age for driving licence”OUTPUT age IF age>=16 THEN OUTPUT “You can take driving licence”ELSE OUTPUT “You can’t take driving licence”ENDIF END |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 9: Check a Number is Positive or Negative (Pseudocode If Else Example)INI
| 123456789101112131415161718 | BEGIN NUMBER num OUTPUT “Enter a Number”OKU num IF num>0 THEN OUTPUT “Entered number is positive”ELSE IF num <0 THEN OUTPUT “Entered number is negative”ELSE OUTPUT “Entered number is zero”ENDIF END |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 10: Find the biggest of three (3) Numbers (Pseudocode If Else Example)INI
| 12345678910111213141516171819 | BEGIN NUMBER num1,num2,num3 INPUT num1INPUT num2INPUT num3 IF num1>num2 AND num1>num3 THEN OUTPUT num1+ “is higher”ELSE IF num2 > num3 THEN OUTPUT num2 + “is higher”ELSE OUTPUT num3+ “is higher”ENDIF END |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 11: Print Numbers from 1 to 100. (Pseudocode For Loop Example)
| 12345678910 | BEGIN NUMBER counter FOR counter = 1 TO 100 STEP 1 DO OUTPUT counterENDFOR END |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 12: Find Sum of Natural Numbers (1 to 100). (Pseudocode For Loop Example)INI
| 123456789101112 | BEGIN NUMBER counter, sum=0 FOR counter=1 TO 100 STEP 1 DO sum=sum+counterENDFOROUTPUT sum END |
Pseudocode Example 13: Read 50 numbers and find their sum and average. (Pseudocode For Loop Example)INI
| 123456789101112131415 | BEGIN NUMBER counter, sum=0, num FOR counter=1 TO 50 STEP counter DO OUTPUT “Enter a Number” INPUT num sum=sum+numENDFOR OUTPUT sum END |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 14: Read 10 numbers and find sum of even numbers. (Pseudocode For Loop Example)INI
| 1234567891011121314151617 | BEGIN NUMBER counter, sum=0, num FOR counter=1 TO 10 STEP 1 DO OUTPUT “Enter a Number” INPUT num IF num % 2 == 0 THEN sum=sum+num ENDIFENDFOROUTPUT sum END |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 15: Find the sum of all elements of array. (Pseudocode For Loop Example)INI
| 123456789101112 | BEGINNUMBER i=0, n=5, sum=0ARRAY numbers={65,45,10,7,125}FOR i=0 TO n-1 STEP 1 DO sum = sum + numbers[i]ENDFOR OUTPUT “Sum of numbers in the array”+sum END |
Flowchart of Pseudocode
Pseudocode Example 16: Calculate square of a number (Simple Pseudocode Example)
Alternative 1:INI
| 123456789101112 | BEGIN NUMBER num, resultOUTPUT “Enter a number for calculate the power of the number”INPUT num result=num*num OUTPUT “Power of the Number:” + result END |
Alternative 2:INI
| 123456789101112131415 | BEGINNUMBER num, result=0,counter OUTPUT “Enter a number for calculate the power of the number” INPUT num FOR counter=0 TO num-1 STEP 1 DO result +=numENDFOR OUTPUT “Power of the Number:” + result END |
Pseudocode Example 17: Calculate the Square Root of a Number (Pseudocode For Loop Example)INI
| 1234567891011121314151617 | BEGIN NUMBER root=1, counter=0,num OUTPUT “Enter a number for calculate the root”INPUT num WHILE sayac < sayi+1 THEN i=i+1 root=(num/root+root)/2END WHILE OUTPUT root END |
Pseudocode Example 18: Swap two variables with using a temporary variable (Simple Pseudocode Example)INI
| 12345678910111213141516 | BEGINNUMBER a,b,ca=10, b=20OUTPUT “Value of a :”+aOUTPUT “Value of b :”+b c=aa=bb=c OUTPUT “Value of a :”+a OUTPUT “Value of b :”+b END |
Pseudocode Example 19: Swap two variables without using a temporary variable (Simple Pseudocode Example)INI
| 12345678910111213141516 | BEGINNUMBER a,ba=10, b=20OUTPUT “Value of a :”+a OUTPUT “Value of b :”+b a=a+bb=a-ba=a-b OUTPUT “Value of a :”+a OUTPUT “Value of b :”+b END |
Pseudocode Example 20: Print Numbers from 1 to n. (Pseudocode For Loop Example)
| 12345678910 | BEGIN NUMBER counter,nINPUT nFOR counter = 1 TO n STEP 1 DO OUTPUT counterENDFOR END |
Pseudocode Example 21: Calculate the Sum and Average of n Number. (Pseudocode For Loop Example)
| 123456789101112 | BEGIN NUMBER counter,n,sum,avgINPUT nFOR counter = 1 TO n STEP 1 DO sum=sum+counterENDFORavg=sum/nOUTPUT “Sum of numbers :”+sumOUTPUT “Average of numbers :”+avgEND |
Pseudocode Example 22: Design the algorithm and flowchart that finds and display the larger of the two numbers given different from each other.
| 123456789101112131415161718 | BEGIN Number n1,n2 Input n1 Input n2 IF (n1>n2) THEN OUTPUT(n1+” is higher”) ELSE IF(n2>n1) OUTPUT(n2+” is higher”) ELSE OUTPUT(“n1=n2”) END IFEND |
Pseudocode Example 23: Perform the application that calculates the area of the triangle whose height and base length entered by the keyboard.
| 12345678910111213 | BEGIN Number b,h,areaInput b Input h area=(b*h)/2OUTPUT (Area of Triangle is “+area)END |
Pseudocode Example 24: The voltage (V) between the poles of a conductor is equal to the product of the current (I) passing through the conductor and the resistance (R) present on the conductor. It’s demonstrated by the V = I * R formula. What is the algorithm of the program that calculates the voltage between the poles of the conductor by using the formula according to the current and resistance values entered by the user.
| 123456789 | BEGINNumber i,r,vInput iInput rv=i*rOUTPUT (v)END |
Pseudocode Example 25: What is the algorithm that the number entered by the user from the keyboard fully divided if it is divided into 3 and 5 .
| 12345678 | BEGINNumber numInput num IF(num%3==0 AND num%5==0) OUTPUT(num+ ” is divided into 3 and 5″) |
